the present continuous and past continuous
the present continuous and past continuous
the present continuous (présent progressif) and past continuous (imparfait progressif) in French
Present continuous (the present progressif)
Use to describe an action happening right now, at this very moment.
(être (conjugated) + en train de + infinitive)
Literally: "to be in the process of doing something"
Je suis en train de manger.
I am eating (right now).
Tu es en train de lire.
You are reading.
Il est en train de travailler.
He is working.
Nous sommes en train d'étudier.
We are studying.
Elles sont en train de danser.
They are dancing.
Note: French also uses the simple present (présent simple) to express ongoing actions "Je mange" can mean "I eat" or "I am eating".Yet, 'être' in a train of stresses which the act is happening at this exact moment.
The Present Continuous (Le présent progressif)
- In English, "I am eating" is easy; you just use to be + verb-ing.
- In French, there's no direct -ing form, so the language uses a fixed construction:
(être 'present tense' + en train de + infinitive)
The phrase en train de literally means "in the process of." It's what gives the sentence the sense of right now, this very moment. Every subject just requires you to conjugate être normally:
Subject Être Example
Je suis je suis en train de parler. ' I am speaking. '
tu es Tu es en train d'écouter. ' You are listening.'
il/elle est Elle est en train de courir. ' She is running.'
nous sommes Nous sommes en train de cuisiner. ' We are cooking.'
vous êtes Vous êtes en train d'apprendre. ' You are learning.'
ils/elles sont Ils sont en train de jouer. ' They are playing.'
Note: before a vowel, de contracts to d' — so "en train de étudier" becomes en train d'étudier.
The Past Continuous (L'imparfait progressif)
This is the same construction, but être is conjugated in the imparfait (French's main past tense for ongoing actions):
(être 'imparfait' + en train de + infinitive)
The imparfait of être: j'étais, tu étais, il/elle était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils/elles étaient.
This tense describes something that was already in progress at a moment in the past and it pairs perfectly with the passé composé for an action that interrupted it:
- J'étais en train de prendre le dîner quand le téléphone a sonné.
- I was taking the dinner while the phone rang.
The interrupted structure 'past continuous + quand + passé composé' is one of the most natural patterns in French storytelling.

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